Scultura diretta
The Italian expression for carving directly in the final material without systematic transfer from a full-scale model by formal pointing.
Stone Carving
Restauro del marmo
The conservation and repair of marble sculpture or architectural stone with the aim of stabilizing material, preserving evidence, and recovering legibility without falsifying the original.
Macchinetta del Giannoni
A named Pietrasanta workshop apparatus associated with Renzo Giannoni, preserved in the oral technical vocabulary recorded by Le voci del marmo.
Meccanizzazione delle tecniche scultoree
The introduction of powered, mechanical, and later digitally controlled systems into stages of sculpture once performed entirely by hand.
Carbone da tracciatura
Charcoal used on marble as a temporary dark marking surface so compass points and reference marks can be seen clearly during point transfer.
Scelta del blocco di marmo
The selection of a marble block according to dimensions, structure, veining, defects, orientation, color, and suitability for the intended sculpture.
Lucidatura
The polishing stage that brings marble to a high degree of sheen after the surface has already been properly smoothed.
Acido ossalico
Oxalic acid, traditionally used in marble polishing as part of a final surface treatment that develops a bright, reflective finish.
Raspa
A double-ended hand rasp with forged profiles used to smooth, refine, and delicately shape marble after chisel work.
Riga
A straightedge of wood or metal used to measure and mark straight reference lines on a marble block.