Formatore in creta
A workshop specialist associated with the formation and development of sculptural models in clay, recorded as a distinct competence in the Pietrasanta bottega tradition.
Sculptor
Formatore in gesso
A specialist mold-maker and plaster worker who takes molds and produces plaster casts or working plaster models from sculptural originals.
Sbozzatore
A traditional marble-workshop specialist responsible for the heavy roughing stage, removing excess stone and bringing the block toward the principal masses of the intended sculpture.
Smodellatore
A traditional marble-workshop specialist who brings a roughed block closer to the model by establishing principal forms, dimensions, and proportions before final finishing.
Raspatore
A traditional workshop specialist responsible for refining marble with rasps and related abrasive hand tools after the principal chisel work has established the form.
Lucidatore
A traditional workshop specialist responsible for polishing marble and bringing selected surfaces to their intended degree of sheen.
Finitore
A workshop specialist responsible for the final refinement of a marble sculpture after roughing, modeling, rasping, and other preparatory stages.
Scultore di mani
A specialist sculptor in the traditional marble workshop particularly skilled at carving hands, one of the most difficult and visually sensitive parts of the human figure.
Ornatista
A specialist ornamental carver who executes decorative sculpture, architectural ornament, foliage, moldings, and related carved detail.
Scalpellino
An Italian stonecutter or stone carver skilled in the use of chisels for architectural, ornamental, and sculptural stonework.