Smodellatura
The stage in model-based marble carving that brings the roughed block toward the essential lines, major forms, dimensions, and proportions of the final sculpture through measured transfer from a model or bozzetto.
Education
Capopunto
A principal reference point transferred from the model to an enlarged or copied sculpture; it establishes the fixed framework from which additional measured points are located.
X-Radiography
A non-destructive imaging method using X-rays to reveal internal structure, joins, repairs, armatures, casting features, and hidden conditions within sculpture.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
A non-destructive analytical technique used to identify elemental composition in sculpture materials.
Yaksha
A male nature or tutelary deity of South Asian religious traditions, frequently represented in early Indian and Southeast Asian sculpture.
Yakshi
A female South Asian nature spirit or fertility deity, frequently represented in sculpture in association with trees, fecundity, abundance, and auspicious entrance imagery.
Zinc
A bluish-white metal used extensively for cast and sheet-metal sculpture in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Zoomorphic
Describing a form, figure, ornament, or object shaped as an animal or incorporating animal characteristics.
Originality
In design, originality need not be the pursuit of novelty. It may arise by moving upstream through inherited convention toward the originating problem, first principle, or direct encounter from which form grows.
Figure Study
A focused sculptural study of the human figure, pose, anatomy, proportion, or gesture.