Disegno
The Renaissance idea of drawing-as-design — the intellectual concetto underlying all the arts.
Classical Principles
Divine Proportion
A traditional name for the golden ratio, approximately 1:1.618, in which the smaller part relates to the larger as the larger relates to the whole.
Dorique
French for Doric, the classical architectural order characterized by robust proportions and a comparatively restrained ornamental vocabulary.
Dynamic Symmetry
A proportional design system based on geometric relationships generated within rectangles, especially root rectangles and their diagonals and reciprocals.
Entablature
The horizontal superstructure carried by columns in classical architecture.
Equipoise
A condition of equilibrium or finely controlled balance.
Eurythmía
A classical principle of harmonious proportion, graceful rhythm, and well-ordered movement between parts within a work of art, architecture, or the human body.
Fluted Column
A column whose shaft is articulated by repeated vertical concave grooves.
Baroque
The theatrical, unifying style of c. 1600–1750, epitomized by Bernini's total fusion of sculpture, architecture, and light.
Blow Penetration
Blow penetration describes how deeply the force of a controlled chisel strike travels into stone, affecting fracture, edge safety, and the carver’s ability to work close to delicate forms.