A convex architectural molding with a rounded, typically semicircular profile.
Toro, in architectural ornament, is a convex curved molding. It belongs to the family of classical modanature and is commonly understood as a bold rounded profile, often approximately semicircular in section.
Carving a toro is a useful exercise in controlling a continuous curve, maintaining a consistent profile, and preserving clean junctions with adjacent planes or moldings.
Etymology
An established Italian architectural term for a convex molding; related terminology is documented within the classical vocabulary of modanature.
Sculptor Notes
The transcript describes students progressing to a toro after basic chisel exercises. It is an excellent training form because small errors in curvature, symmetry, and edge control become immediately visible. Cross-reference: Modanatura; Spigolo vivo.
References
https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/modanatura/ | https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/modanatura/